Fonksiyonel gastrointestinal hastalıklarda kişilik özellikleri, savunma düzenekleri ve öfke

Bu çalışmada, fonksiyonel gastrointestinal hastalıklarda (FGİH) kişilik özellikleri, savunma düzenekleri ve öfke ilişkisinin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırmaya Başkent Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Ankara Hastanesi Gastroenteroloji Polikliniğine 08.02.2015 -31.05.2015 tarihleri arasında muayene ve tedavi amacıyla başvuran, gastroskopi ve kolonoskopi yapılıp gastroenteroglar tarafından ROMA III kriterlerine göre FGİH tanısı konulan, 18 - 65 yaşları arasında, okuma yazma bilen, değerlendirme araçlarını yanıtlayabilecek zihinsel kapasitesi olan gönüllü bireyler kabul edilmiştir. Bu gruba ek olarak bilinen kronik gastrointestinal hastalığı olmayan, yaş, cinsiyet ve eğitim durumu eşleştirilmiş bireyler kontrol grubu olarak alınmıştır. Katılımcılara Sosyodemografik ve Klinik Bilgi Formunun yanı sıra Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği, Eysenck Kişilik Anketi Kısa Formu, Savunma Biçimleri Testi ve Sürekli Öfke-Öfke İfade Tarz Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel değerlendirmede FGİH ve sağlıklı kontrol grubu arasında kişilik özellikleri ve olgun, nevrotik ve ilkel savunma düzenekleri arasında fark gözlenmemiş, ancak FGİH grubunda öfkenin daha fazla içe yansıtıldığı bulunmuştur. FGİH etiyolojisinde ve gidişinde kişilik özelliklerinin, savunma düzenekleri ve öfkenin rol oynayabileceği düşünülebilir. Diğer yandan kronik bir hastalık olan FGİH sonucunda da savunma düzenekleri ile öfke düzeyleri de değişebilir. FGİH'nin ele alınma ve tedavi sürecinde psikolojik faktörlerin göz önünde tutmanın ve psikiyatrik değerlendirmenin de yer aldığı disiplinler arası işbirliği kurmanın tedaviyi güçlendirebileceği ve hastanın tedaviye uyumunu artırabileceği düşünülmüştür. The aim of the present study is to investigate the interrelationship between functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGD), personality, ego defence mechanism and anger. The study population consisted of literate patients between ages of 18-64 who were examined and performed gastroscopy, colonoscopy and diagnosed as Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder by using the ROME III diagnostic criteria at the Outpatient Gastroenterology Clinics of Başkent University Ankara Hospital between February 2015 and May 2015. Control group consisted of individuals without physical and mental disorders. Both groups were matched according to their ages, sex and educational levels. The Form of Socio-demographic and clinical Information, The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised Abbreviated, Defence Style Questionnaire and Trait Anger and Anger Expression Scale were given to the participants. The results of the study showed there is no difference between personality and mature, neurotic and immature defence mechanism in both study and control group. However, Anger Expression-In scores of FGD group was statistically higher than healthy controls.Personality, Defence mechanism and anger may play a role in FGD etiology and progress. On the other hand as a chronic disease FGİH itself could change the defence mechanism and anger level. Considering relationship between FGD and psychological factors, interdisciplinary collaboration with psychiatric evaluation could strengthen treatment of FGD and improve compliance with treatment

Choroidal Thickness in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Type Dementia

Aim. To asses both choroidal thickness differences among Alzheimer’s type dementia (ATD) patients, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and healthy control (C) subjects and choroidal thickness relationships with cognitive performance. Methods. A total of 246 eyes of 123 people (41 ATD, 38 MCI, and 44 healthy C subjects) were included in this study. Complete ophthalmological and neurological examination was performed in all subjects. Choroidal thicknesses (CT) were measured at seven locations: the fovea, 500-1500-3000 μm temporal and 500-1500-3000 μm nasal to the fovea by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Detailed neurological examination including mini mental state examination (MMSE) test which evaluates the cognitive function was applied to all participants. Results. The ages and genders of all participants were similar in all groups. Compared with healthy C subjects, the CT measurements at all regions were significantly thinner both in patients with ATD and in patients with MCI than in healthy C subjects (p<0.05). The MMSE scores were significantly different among ATD patients, MCI patients, and healthy C subjects. They were 19.3±1.8, 24.8±0.9, and 27.6±1.2 in ATD, MCI, and healthy controls, respectively (p<0.001). There were also significant correlation between MMSE score and choroidal thickness at each location (p<0.05). Conclusions. CT was reduced in ATD patients and MCI patients. Since vascular structures were affected in ATD patients and MCI patients, they had thin CT. Besides CT was correlated with degree of cognitive impairment. Therefore CT may be a new biomarker in diagnosis and follow-up of MCI and ATD patients

Millimeter Wave Channel Measurements in a Railway Depot

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication is a key enabling technology with the potential to deliver high capacity, high peak data rate communications for future railway services. Knowledge of the radio characteristics is of paramount importance for the successful deployment of such systems. In this paper mmWave channel measurements are reported for a railway environment using a wideband channel sounder operating at 60GHz. Highly directional antennas are deployed at both ends of the link. Data is reported for path loss, root mean square (RMS) delay spread and K-factor. Static and mobile measurements are considered. Analysis shows that the signal strength is strongly dependent (up to 25dB) on the azimuth orientation of the directional transmit and receive antennas. A path loss exponent of n=2.04 was extracted from the Line-of-Sight measurements with optimally aligned antennas. RMS delay spreads ranged from 1ns to 22ns depending on antenna alignment. 50% of the measured K-factors were found to be less than 6dB. We conclude this is the result of ground reflections in the vertical Tx-Rx plane

Demographic, Phenotypic and Genotypic Features of Alkaptonuria Patients: A Single Centre Experience

Aim:Alkaptonuria (AKU) is an autosomal recessively inherited disease caused by a deficiency of homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase. This enzyme converts homogentisic acid (HGA) into maleylacetoacetic acid in the tyrosine degradation pathway. The presence of HGA in urine, ochronosis (bluish-black pigmentation in connective tissues) and arthritis of the spine and the other large joints are the three major features of AKU. Nitisinone and a tyrosine-restricted diet are the treatment options. In this study, we evaluated the demographic and clinical characteristics and also the mutations of our AKU patients.Materials and Methods:This retrospective single centre study included 36 patients who were diagnosed as AKU between the years of 2002 and 2017 Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolism and Nutrition.Results:Thirty six AKU patients were included (17 female, 19 male) in our study. The mean age of the patients was 9.3±13.4 years (3 months-54 years). The major complaints were darkening of the urine (100%), ochronosis (11.1%), arthralgia (16.7%) and arthritis (8.1%). Darkening of the urine was firstly recognized at the age of 8.89±16.9 months (1-84 months). Eighteen (86%) patients had homozygous and 3 (14%) patients had compound heterozygous mutations in the HGD gene.Conclusion:AKU was the first inherited metabolic disease defined. The three main features are; darkening of the urine at birth which is followed by ochronosis (blue-dark pigmentation) clinically visible in the ear and alae of the nose and finally a severe ochronotic arthropathy of the spine and large joints at around the age of 50 years. Here we report on the clinical and genetic features of our patients at various ages

A defensive strategy against beam training attack in 5G mmWave networks for manufacturing

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) carriers are an essential building block of fifth-generation (5G) systems. Satisfactory performance of the communications over the mmWave spectrum requires an alignment between the signal beam of the transmitter and receiver, achieved via beam training protocols. Nevertheless, beam training is vulnerable to jamming attacks, where the attacker intends to send jamming signals over different spatial directions to confuse legitimate nodes. This paper focuses on defending against this attack in smart factories where a moving Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) communicates with a base station via a mmWave carrier. We introduce a defensive strategy to cope with jamming attacks, including two stages: jamming detection and jamming mitigation. Developed based on autoencoders, both algorithms can learn the characteristics/features of the received signals at the AGV. They can be employed consecutively before performing the downlink data transmission. In particular, once a jamming attack is identified, the jamming mitigation can be utilized to retrieve the corrupted received signal strength vector, allowing a better decision during the beam training operation. In addition, the proposed algorithm is straightforward and fully compliant with the existing beam training protocols in 5G New Radio. The numerical results show that not only the proposed defensive strategy can capture more than 80% of attack events, but it also improves the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio significantly, i.e., up to 15 dB